Free Essays: The World of the Odyssey and Todays Society :: Homer Odyssey Essays

The World of the Odyssey and Todays Society           In the book the Odyssey by kor violence, deceit, disorder, absence of law enforcement, and its principal of self-sufficiency, obviously differs from our modern society today.  In modern world today we have laws and law enforcers, which is to help keep onward from as much violence as possible.  We have legal systems and courts to decide whether mint deserve punishments, and this shows in legion(predicate) ways how the present differs from the past. That is why many draws of the past couldnt be successful leaders in running todays society.  Odysseus went by his own rules and made up his own rights, which he lived by, and would set the shade for the rest of his crew.  Odysseus would be a poor leader in todays society based on his leadership s exhausts in the book.         Odysseus would be a terrible leader today because his way of being just and s olving problems is to kill people.  He believes in no sound reasoning and cargons about himself and how much of a majuscule fighter he is.   Lady, its not possible to interpret this dream in any other way.  You have learnt from Odysseus himself how he will make the dream true.  Clearly, the Suitors are all of them doomed there is not who will escape his destined death (p.301).    When Odysseus heard of the suitors in his home, he had it set in his mind to kill them all before even trying to reason with them or asking them to leave.  Also, he plans to take revenge and kill his servants when he believes that they were disloyal and instead of gravid them the chance to explain why they had been disloyal to him.         In todays society you cant go out and kill someone because you feel what they are doing is wrong.   For that we have legal systems where people have the right to prove their innocence if thought to be g uilty.  If Odysseus killed someone today because he didnt like what they were doing, he would be jailed.   If killing people were the declaration to everyones problems, then there would never be peace in our society today.  Odysseus had his own way of thinking and doing things and in todays society that

Cosmogony :: essays research papers fc

CosmogonyWorks CitedBrandon, S.G.F. Dictionary of Comparative Religion. New York Charles Scribners Sons, 1970.Cosmogony. World Book Encyclopedia. 1990 ed.Different religions trance the idea of how the world was created, or cosmogony, in disaccordent ways. China holds many cosmogonies, but they all revolve around the same ideas. Egypts cosmogony was do by the desire that their God created all other gods. The views of people define the cosmogony in Greece, mostly of Homer. Cosmogony in the Hebrew religion is delimit in the first two chapters of Genesis(Brandon 208). Japanese cosmogonic mythology has its beginnings of myths that one can trace way back. Some views of the different religions remain the same, but most views differ from each other.Chinese philosophical interest was centered on human affairs. Egypt was motivated to show that divine fiat conceives cosmic creation (Brandon 208). The Greek ism concerned itself with considering origin and constitution of the universe. Some cosmological ideas in the Hebrew religion represent the creation of the universe by divine fiat (Brandon 208). comprehend fiat is defined when God said Let there be light and there was light (qtd. in Cosmogony). Pentateuch and Yahwist deal with the creation and the hail of Adam. Shinto produced another cosmogony that presents a division in the universe. The upper world consisted of gods and everlasting bliss. The middle world included man on the excavate of the earth. The lower world of darkness, known as Yomi, which possesses evil spirits that live under rule of earth-mother (Brandon 210).According to the Huai-Nantzu, in China, the universe of space and time arose to begin with Heaven and Earth took shape. The earliest Egyptian cosmogony presented Atum as the creator and Heliopolis as the place. The Greeks believed Hesiod also explains evolution of mankind as a series of basketball team Ages. Yahwist, in the Hebrew religion accounts on the creation of the world by an editor wh o fused Pentateuch and Yahwist into continuous writings of divine creation. The Japanese believed the world of forms to be formed from emanations proceeding from the Dhyani-Buddha (Cosmogony). The Han Dynasty founded the first fully developed cosmogonies for China. This naturalistic cosmogony taught that the origin of the all things lay in the Great eventual(prenominal). The Great Ultimate produced two forces of Yin and Yang. Yin and Yang combined to form four emblems, which then produced the Eight Trigrams. The Eight Tigrams resulted in all the phenomena of the world (Brandon 207).

Edgar Allan Poe Essay -- essays research papers

Edgar Allan PoeEdgar Allan Poe, the first master of the short story, had written legion(predicate) short stories from mysteries to morbidity. Edgar was born on January 19,1809 in Boston, Massachussettes. Edgars Parents, David and Eliza, were both in the acting business. Poe also had a sister, who is rarely spoken of. When Edgar was young his father fleed from the family, leaving Edgar, his mother, and sister alone. At the age of dickens Edgars mother died of tuberculosis. Edgar was then placed in a foster home with John and Fanny Allan. When Edgar was fifteen he had enough stories written to publish a book, moreover his foster father would not allow it. In 1826 Edgar enrolled into the University of Virginia. He wanted to become a translator. The life at the University of Virginia was very disturbing, there were many accounts of violence such as riots, fighting, and murders. By the end of the year Edgar was in debt from gambling, exceeding two-thousand five-hundred dollars. When P oe went back to Richmond, Virginia, where John lived for the summer, he expected his father to pay his debts, but his father made him work to pay his debts. In 1827 Edgar moved out of the Allan house to Boston, Massachussettes. Edgar then published his first book Tamerline and Other Poems . In 1827 Edgar fall in the U.S. Army where he stayed for two years. In 1829 Edgar wrote his second book Aarat, Tamberline, and Other Poems by...

The Greenwich Association for Retarded Citizens of Greenwich High :: essays research papers

The Greenwich Association for Retarded Citizens (G.A.R.C.) of Greenwich HighThe Greenwich Association for Retarded Citizens (G.A.R.C.) of GreenwichHigh is a group of students interested in interacting with disabled students.These students go to the high crop as well, and look forward to getting toknow us. Each of the students have different disabilities but they each havethe desire to make friends. This group is all in all volunteer basis for all ofits members, no one has to attend. I have been a member of this group for thethree years I have attended in Greenwich High. Spending a lot of time withthese children I have learned to understand that they are just looking to makefriends.I fall in this group as a freshman because I had worked with childrenwith Down Syndrome during the eighth grade at Central Middle School. Myinterest carried on through bulge the years because of the numerous fun times Ihave had, and have made friends with many of the girls. They are all verypersonable and pleasant to remonstrate with. They each have special characteristicsdefining them from the others, making each of them special in different ways,just like the rest us.Aside from the meetings that we have all so often to discussactivities we can do, we usually do fun and interesting activities. We go outfor pizza frequently because it seems to be the group consensus on what we wouldall like to eat. During the holidays we celebrate in interesting ways onHalloween we have a party where every one gets dressed and brings confect. Forthe Christmas season we are going to celebrate with a party at a members houseand listen to Christmas carols, and have dinner. We have had bake sales andhave sold candy in order to raise money for the clubs activities. These areusually a success because every one participates and we all seem to functionwell as a group. When there are dances or football games at groom we each takeone of the girls and its good for them because they get to interact with t herest of the school at a big function.This club is not only fun, but its like going to a meeting with some ofyour friends. We are a pocket-sized group and we all get along. Since we are a smallgroup it is also difficult for us to do a lot of things. It is difficult to discipline the larger part of the public who doesnt know what these kids are like.

The First Inhabitants of America Essay -- American America History

The kickoff Inhabitants of America The First Europeans reached the Western Hemisphere in the late 15th century. Upon arrival they encountered a rich and diverse culture that had already been inhabited for thousands of years. The Europeans were completely unprepared for the people they stumbled upon. They couldnt understand cultures that were so different and exotic from their own. The discovery of the existence of anything beyond their previous experience could threaten the stability of their entire religious and social structure. Seeing the Indians as savages they made them over in their own image as quickly as possible. In doing so they overlooked the roots that attached the Indians to their fascinating past. The importance of this past is often overlooked. Most text or storey books begin the story of the Americas from the first European settlement and disregard the 30,000 years of separate, preceding cultural development (Deetz 7). The going theory of the First Americans is the ever-popular land tie hypothesis, which connected Siberia and Alaska. This is believed to have happened at least twice during the ice ages between 32,000 and 36,000 years ago and, again between 13,000 and 28,000 years ago. This repeated connection took vagabond where the eastern and western hemispheres come the closest to one another. The best illustration that I found explaining the land bridge was the analogy made to a seesaw. On one side being the glaciers and on the other side is sea level. When the glaciers get bigger or go up the sea level withdraws or goes down. Basically when all the earths water is in the form of snow or ice sea level is get offed. At least 180 feet lower to form that Siberian land connection. Direct proof of this... ... ago, scarcely the way it happened is still uncharted territory. The specific date of the first migration into the Americas is unknown but there was likely more than one. The new discoveries and theories presented have given us a bette r understanding and more possibilities for the First American then ever before.Bibliography Begley, Sharon. The First Americans. Newsweek Fall/Win. 1991 15-20. Begley, Sharon and Andrew Murr. The First Americans. Newsweek 26 Apr. 1999 50. Claiborne, Robert. The First Americans. New York Time-Life Books, 1973. Dixon, E. James. Quest for the origins of the First Americans. University of New Mexico Press. 1993. Nichols, Johnanna. The First Americans. Discover Jun. 1998 24. Owsley, Douglas. The First Americans. Economist 24 Feb. 1998 79. Wright, Karen. First Americans. Discover Feb. 1999 52.

The First Inhabitants of America Essay -- American America History

The offshoot Inhabitants of America The First Europeans reached the Western Hemisphere in the late 15th century. Upon arrival they encountered a rich and diverse purification that had already been inhabited for thousands of years. The Europeans were completely unprepared for the people they stumbled upon. They couldnt understand cultures that were so different and exotic from their own. The discovery of the existence of anything beyond their previous experience could expose the stability of their entire religious and social structure. Seeing the Indians as savages they made them over in their own image as quickly as possible. In doing so they overlooked the roots that attached the Indians to their fascinating past. The importance of this past is often overlooked. Most text or history books begin the story of the Americas from the firstborn European settlement and disregard the 30,000 years of separate, preceding cultural development (Deetz 7). The going theory of the First Americ ans is the ever-popular land bridge hypothesis, which connected Siberia and Alaska. This is believed to have happened at least twice during the ice ages between 32,000 and 36,000 years ago and, again between 13,000 and 28,000 years ago. This repeated connection took place where the eastern and western hemispheres deduce the closest to one another. The best illustration that I found explaining the land bridge was the analogy made to a seesaw. On one side being the glaciers and on the other side is sea level. When the glaciers get bigger or go up the sea level withdraws or goes down. Basic entirelyy when all the earths water is in the form of snow or ice sea level is lowered. At least 180 feet lower to form that Siberian land connection. Direct proof of this... ... ago, but the way it happened is still uncharted territory. The specific date of the first migration into the Americas is unknown but there was likely more than than one. The new discoveries and theories presented have given us a better understanding and more possibilities for the First American then ever before.Bibliography Begley, Sharon. The First Americans. Newsweek Fall/Win. 1991 15-20. Begley, Sharon and Andrew Murr. The First Americans. Newsweek 26 Apr. 1999 50. Claiborne, Robert. The First Americans. New York Time-Life Books, 1973. Dixon, E. James. Quest for the origins of the First Americans. University of New Mexico Press. 1993. Nichols, Johnanna. The First Americans. Discover Jun. 1998 24. Owsley, Douglas. The First Americans. Economist 24 Feb. 1998 79. Wright, Karen. First Americans. Discover Feb. 1999 52.

India and Different Religions

Unity in Diversity in India India is probable the only country in the universe where people belonging to different religions, castes and creeds, speaking different languages, having different cultures, different modes of living, different clothing, different feeding habits, worshiping different gods and deity live together in harmony and believe to be the children of one mother-MOTHER INDIA. They are one nation at large. They are governed by one central authority, go through one prime quantity Minister, one president, one Supreme Court and one army chief. This is why we say we build bingle in diversity.Geographic whollyy India is a vast country so much so that even one of its states in bigger than many countries of Europe. But the whole country is well bounded by nature. In the northwesterly is the Himalayan Range. On the other side is the Indian Ocean, the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian sea. This provides, natural geographical unity to INDIA we have different religions in India . Apart from Hinduism we have the followers of Buddhism, Jainism, Islam, Sikhism, Christianity and Parsees. But Hindus form the greater majority. There are, no doubt, different factions, sections and sub-section but basically we all believe in the theory of Dharma and Karma.The theory of rebirth, katharsis of soul, salvation, Heaven and Hell holds good for each and every one. We untidily celebrate the festivals like Holy, Diwali, Charismas, Budh Jayanthi and Mahavir Jayanthi. This provides unity in diversity. India philosophy has developed on India soil. It has not been borrowed from anywhere. This has immingle the various cultures together. There are differences in overall conception of gods, and modes of worship. These changes have been gradual due to interaction of different groups. But the ultimate aim of achieving salvation and the fear of Hell keeps them all bound together.Very important characteristic of Indian society is the coexistence of different ethnic groups. These groups formulated inter-group behavior. Hence there is no interchangeable interference as also no merging of their identity. There might be some drawback in our constitution such as separate cookery for different castes particularly the backward and scheduled castes and scheduled tribes but industrialization policy and agrarian reforms have generated a new secular outlook large-minded alternate to a new culture. Members of different castes and communities and followers of different religions have come together in forms, factories and educational institution.As a result different cultures have been blended together thereby bringing unity among them. We have a cultural unity in India in as much as our philosophy of life, our customs, creeds and traditions are basically, more or less, the same. The institution of marriage, the very foundation of a society, exists all over the country and most of the rituals and sanskars are similar everywhere. Emotional unity plays its own part. Th e name of Bharat Mata brings us closer and closer together. In spite of different languages and dialects, Sanskrit, the language of Vedas, brings us all together because Sanskrit is the mother of all languages.The neat features of Indian culture responsible for bringing unity in diversity may be summarized as follows (a) We Indians lay emphasis on spirituality, not on material wealth. (b) Religion has the most important place in India. We believe in Karma and Sanskar. Performance of duty is our religion. (c) Religion tolerance is the unique feature of religions in India. Hence there is no difficulty in coexistence of follower of different religion. (d) Hinduism, which forms majority of the population, has the capacity to absorb all good cultures. It has either absorbed the immigrant cultures or has largely influenced them. e) We have a very broad outlook. We preach and follow religion and spiritualism without ignoring married life and worldly things. (f) We firmly believe in freedo m of thought and freedom of expression because such freedom enriches the culture which then becomes dynamic. Although unity to the desired extent has not been attained but all attempts by foreign agencies to disrupt it or disprove it have proved futile. We might be subject to regionalism and casteism in trifling matters but we always rise to the occasion in times of need such as foreign interference or invasion on our territory. This is sufficient to prove our unity in diversity.

Encouraging Students to Be Literate

It is eventful for instructors to motivate students to develop literate lives both in the classroom and in society. For most children the desire and importance of literacy is not instilled within the home so teachers pauperism to be prepared to handle this job on their own. In my opinion students need to understand the importance of being literate. They need to understand that reading, writing, listening and speaking are essential to functioning in society. Everyday our lives revolve around our literacy. It matchms more or less impossible to live a functional and successful life as an illiterate individual.If students do not understand the signifi lavce of literacy they may not get to become literate. In my classroom I stress the importance of literacy and try to make my students think about the future. Aside from stressing the importance of literacy, I also routine strategies to help motivate my students to literate. Many of these strategies and ideas were discussed in our t extbook and I feel they are beneficial in motivating students to become literate citizens. One bureau I motivate my students is through modeling. I try to modeling that literacy can be pleasurable and it does not have to be a painful and squeeze activity.Students need to see that I enjoy reading and writing. I also model good reading and writing strategies. It only makes sense that the more my students see and hear me read the more they will want to try it themselves. I can model literacy through read-alouds and other activities. It is also important that students are give real-life experiences. I try to find real reasons for students to write. close totimes students need to feel a significance to their reading and writing. Are they in effect(p) constantly writing just to write or is there a purpose?I ask myself that question frequently. I try to create writing assignments that are meaningful Students can write thank you cards, Christmas cards and etc. I also feel that technol ogy can be an important piece in motivating students. Some reluctant writers can type out their papers rather then write it out. For some students this is a huge motivator. Using the computer and not worrying about hand-writing can be exciting and relieving for some children. I have used this within my classroom and found it helpful for many students. It is also important to tress here that technology is large part of society today so students should be given the opportunity to express their abilities through technology. Last plainly not least, Id like to stress the importance to selecting activities that are meaningful, engaging and challenging. Too many times I hear and see students listening to a teacher explain something and then students complete endless worksheets. In my opinion this does not motivate and encourage students to become literate individuals. This tells students that literacy is boring in irrelevant. Teachers need to intention lessons that have meaning to the s tudents.There needs to be some background knowledge and relationship to the student. Lessons should also be engaging and interactive. Students should be able to participate through discussions, think-pair-share, concept maps and other activities that promote thinking and learning. Activities should be challenging but not too challenging. They should require thinking but not too stressful. I like my students to feel success when doing activities. The feeling of success builds confidence. It just seems that when one is confident in their literacy abilities they will be more willing to practice and bewilder to become better.

Patient-Physician Relationship Essay

The functional perspective is a perspective theory base on the following hypotheses. First, a society is shake up up of several institution which oeuvres together to promote the integration, balance, stability and consensus building within the said society, and so, the societys main aim is to halt social revision. The society, as a system is made up of different parts each of which has a dysfunction, latent and manifest functions. Health is a in truth(prenominal) important aspect of the human life.From a functional perspective it is quite occur that the subject of wellness is integrated into e real aspect of life from work to leisure. The manifest function of the institution of health c atomic number 18 is the provision of health operate to the people. The institution has other latent functions, for instance, the creation of employment to lecturers, impacts, surgeons and nurses. A mutual dysfunction in the health c are institution is the failure to provide its services ev en though it is in a position to bring to the highest degree the misunderstandings between the practitioners and the languish-sufferings.There are thus several proposals that have been brought forward to deal with the situation which brings closely the dysfunctional aspect of the health care vault of heaven. It is extend that, the health care sector has been a constituent part of the society from time immemorial. This sector has also been integrating with other aspects of life for instance, education from which the competent docs are made. The health care sector is also responsible for the stability of the society by ensuring that other aspects of the society are attended to by providing the health of the work force.The heath care sector of the society brings about consensus in the society by integrating other constituent areas of the society in its end making and ensuring the decisions made are for the goodness of the society at large. Traditionally, physicians were seen as properly having total control over their patients now the pendulum is swinging the other way and patients are demanding substantially more indicator in the relationship. In the past, the relationship between the patient and the physician was strained as the physician was viewed as the superior of the two.This made the physicians arrogant as the patients became more frustrated. The importance of health care and the dependence of other sectors on it has brought about the motive for reforms in the sector thus, bringing about the dysfunction aspect of the health sector. According to the function perspective, each constituent part of a society should have a implement for trouble shooting as the occurrence of inconsistencies is inevitable. This is the dysfunction characteristic of the functional perspective. Great changes in politics, social lifestyles and technology have greatly affected the communication between the physician and the patients.The complexity of the heath care syste m, and its need for a lot of decision making, cost of health care coupled with the voiceless economic terms have all driven people to seek info on alternative sources of health care. The current advocacy for informed consent, patients rights and access to health check records is viewed as a need by the customer to defend themselves from the predatory nature of heath care providers. Patients are bewail on getting information regarding signs and symptoms of dis sculptural reliefs, medical tests, drugs and alternative treatment options.The information obtained has been the main source of the revolution as the patients are more informed about the available options and their patients rights. This further goes on to prove that the society is an integrated setting because changes in areas like social lifestyle and technology have brought about the need for change in health care. This further pushes forward the agenda of viewing the society from a functional perspective. There are sever al issues that affect a patient- physician relationship.The issues that affect the relationship between a physician and a doctor includes First, thither is need for blaspheme between the doctor and the patient, as this is very important to the diagnostic and therapeutic process. It is of critical importance for the communication between the patient and the physician if they can develop a impression of mutual trust between them. This in turn perfects the diagnostic process and eventually eases the healing process. This clearly shows the need to integrate every aspect of the societys day by day life to smoothen the daily flow of the society.In the past, patients relied on the physician to do all the work, thus, there was heavy reliance on the practitioners professional authority. This trend, which did not in every way consider the patients preferences, has been around for quite a long time. In the later stages of the twentieth century, this trend seemed to change as the patient was brought into play. This changes have continued and currently the patient almost have as much say on the system of his treatment as the physician. Physician-patient communication is mainly in two aspects the Technical and the Samaritan aspects.The technical aspect is concerned with coming up with a proper diagnosing and prescribing a proper remedy, whereas, the humanitarian aspect is mainly concerned with supportive care. Patients are increasingly looking for information on supportive care. Traditionally, the patient was viewed as unable to cope with the medical information and his knowledge of medical issues was viewed as a threat to the profession. Presently, it is mandatory to consult the patient and seek her consent for any decision on a treatment plan, thus, the patient should be well informed in order to make rational choices and implement them correctly.This is a clear demonstration of the consensus building aspect as demonstrated by the view of the society from a functional perspective. To fancy that the patient benefits from the health care sector, there is need to ensure the provision of adequate information on various health issues, and the physician should ensure a patient is well briefed on his condition, what caused it and the recovery period. Libraries should provide information that support the improvement of physician-patient relationship.The range of information available to consumers needs to be widened. A mechanism should be put in out to disseminate findings related to clinical practice. The creation of a decision making software for use by the consumers will also go a long way in enlightening and helping the patients to make informed decisions. Bodies that deals with the provision of information to the professional societies should have their mandate extended to enable them provide information that will help the consumers on their services in decision making.The above demonstrates some ways in which the various aspects of the system wo rks together in a harmonious manner in order to create a more stable society. This is an aspect of the functional perspective of the society. The other issue is found on the question is can students be trusted? . Medical students find it hard when placed in a position of a patient as they generally have trust issues. There is a need to find ways to ease the treatment process of such students.Moreover, some patients, especially the youth, are more comfortable in dealing with physicians of their age with whom they feel they can easily relate to. Furthermore, bringing a personal touch puts the patients at ease with physicians. The physician whitethorn relay relevant aspects of his experiences on the patient. This helps the patient to feel at ease, knowing that, the physician has been in his shoes and is therefore more commensurate to deal with his situation. This also facilitates the ease of communication between the concerned parties.The other issue affecting the provision of health care services is a decision on a physicians beliefs and feelings which affects his or her decisions and judgment on clinical issues. It is quite important to find out the patients beliefs and thus be informed of what other suitable avenues there are to the solution of his health problems. Furthermore, some patients are quite demanding and may unnecessarily take up clinical time. In dealing with such patients, a physician is advised to kindly state to them the situation and confound them a few alternatives or marrow to reach to a compromise.These mechanisms, used to smoothen the provision of health services and promote the patient -doctor relationship, are characterized by a balancing process in which the physician is forced to abandon his beliefs for the good of the patients and thus of the society as a whole. Creation of balance is a key characteristic in parties baffling in a society from a functional perspective. The other issues that needs to be addressed in the bid to impro ve the patient-physician relationship are factors that prevent the communication between a physician and his patient.Communication between a doctor and a patient can be hindered by either parties for instance, patients may omit some details of their medical history which they consider embarrassing or private. On the other side, the physician may not be intense on the patients narration or accounts especially if he is judgmental. To facilitate the ease of communication between the two, there is a need for the physicist to make the patient aware that he has his full attention, ensure they are both comfortable, and ask explicitly on the key areas of concern.Moreover, it is believed that a third of the patients disagree with the doctors analysis and recommendation, this pose a great risk to the patients health (Armstrong, 1991). To reduce such cases, there is need for the patient and the physician to both participate in the decision making process. A patient has the right to refuse som e forms of medical interventions prescribed to him by the physician based on his beliefs and personal preferences. There is need to determine a set point after which the decision to override a patients preferences should be reached.It is agreed that the influence of the patients preferences to the physicians course of action should be limited. This creates an avenue to help patients who for one reason or the another, are unwilling to help themselves by consenting to the physicians prescribed course of action. At times, the practitioners may even be forced to go to chat up in order to force the patients to accept treatment. The other key issue is confidentiality, information on a persons health status is very secretive and personal and should be kept as secure and confidential as possible.The knowledge that his medical information is confidential, helps the patient develop a feeling of trust in the physician which considers to improved provision of health services. Confidentiality may cause a problem in cases where the practitioner is legally obliged to give an account on a patients health record. These issues addressed above, clearly demonstrate how various building blocks of the society interact in order to come up with a stable, balanced and integrated society in which balance, stability and consensus building are the main mechanisms used in dealing with any anomalies that may befall the constituent parties.This is the key principle in the functional perspective view of a society. The issues addressed above are currently being addressed by several countries. Some countries started addressing these issues in the seventies leading to the marking the start of a revolution, as other countries emulated their example. These reforms have led to patients abstracted to know more about matters affecting their health. Currently, there is a need for doctors to be on the forefront in empowering their patients by advising them on suitable sources of information (Burnum , 1985).The nineties witnessed the commercialization of medical services bringing the need to better customer relations. This in medical terms refers to better patient-physician relationship. The commercialization has empowered patients as they are now treated with much respect and their needs are adhered to promptly (Eysenbach & Diepgen, 1998). This trend is expected to continue for a few couple of old age as the world becomes more and more commercialized. The downside of the above improved relations are considerable.First, it is quite true that the improved patient-physician relationship is closely associated with commercialization of medical services. In a commercialized setting, the patients preferences will be put before his actual medical needs. This will eventually lead to the erosion of medical ethics, as the commercial code will come in play (Robinson & Gustafson,1988). Secondly, access to basic medical care will be above the reach of the comely person as the health provi ding institution will only aim at larger profit margins rather than provision of affordable services.Lastly, the increased power given to the patient will eventually lead to low morale in medical workers as the patients will be so bossy, this will lead to poor service delivery (Lazare, 1987). The improvement of patient-physician relationship has associated pros and cons. There is thus an urgent need for medical governing bodies and governments to come up with legislations that will ensure that the medical code of conduct and ethics are adhered to and medical services are within the reach of the poor and thus regulating medical services while at the same time, ensuring the said improvements thrive.

19th and 20th Century Gender Expectations in Literature Essay

The late 19th century produced a myriad of boffo authors, poets and figure out-writes that often integratedd the local customs, traditions and expectations of the time (and perhaps their witness experiences) into their work. A fact of the times, even into early 20th century, is that women were not equal to men and the expectations of women were not equal as well. This point will be illustrated by comparative analysis of two separate forms of literature Tristan Bernards humorous play Im GoingA Comedy in One Act, and Kate Chopins unforesightful humbug The Story of an Hour. Authors can use plays, stories or poems to bring us into their world, and through imagination we can connect with them, if only briefly, and enjoy their point of view and what they are trying to convey. Through their writing, they are actu in all(prenominal)y giving us a look at history and through that snapshot of time we can see the differences between golf clubs expectations then and now. Tristan Bernards (1866-1947) Im GoingA Comedy in One Act (1915), (Clugston, 2010a), is a play set in Paris about a unify couple (Henri and Jeanne) who on a sunlight morning are trying to decide how they are going to sp can their day. Henri wants to go to the races further he wants Jeanne to cheque kinsfolk, though she wants to go with him, or to see her friend (Clugston, 2010a). The theme of the play is one of distrust and manipulation, as each truly wants to spend the day on their own, and at the end of the play that is exactly what they do (Clugston, 2010a).See more Analysis of Starbucks coffee company employees essayIn this play, Bernard uses the setting of the stage and symbolisation to convey to the audience a sense of separate desires of the couple starting with the opening scene when Henri and Jeanne enter and sit on opposite sides of the agency (Clugston, 2010a). Bernard, in fact, used symbolism in many of his works, and exploited the psychoanalytical technique to draw his dramas toge ther (Degasse, 2008). What one really has to look through the mist to see, however, is how Bernard incorporates societys expectations (or double standard) of women inParis (and throughout the world, really), though in a humorous and dramatic style, into the play.One has to keep in mind that the male audience of that time probably had the same attitude and beliefs as the part Henri, and though it may have been viewed as right or wrong, women were expected to be subservient and obedient while the male was allowed further freedoms. Henri wants to goes to the races unsocial, and ultimately, that is what he does while Jeanne stays home, but let us look deeper at the play and issue the nuances that show the inequality of the times and how Bernard conveys that conviction.After Henri and Jeannes initial entrance and they set down, the first thing that happens is Henri makes a comment about how every Sunday the weather is nice until noon, then its cloudy and rainy or there is an advancin g thunderstorm (Clugston, 2010a). This verbal observation of the weather may be a metaphor and actually provide two meanings one is that it is in fact rainy and Henri is setting a negative atmosphere for Jeanne who expects him to take her out for the day, and the some other could be the weekly Sunday dilemma of Henri trying to go to the races without Jeanne.The rainy, or soon to be, day similarly sets a tone of despair, but provides Henri with an excuse to go to the races only if and save him and his wife the additional cost of a carriage in order to avoid the rain, and additional cost of a ladies ticket (Clugston, 2010a). In truth, it is just a manipulation of the circumstances for Henri to try to dissuade Jeanne in joining him at the races (Clugston, 2010a).Then in Bernards Im Going, A Comedy in One Act (1915), Henri recommends a promenade (a qualifying) with his wife instead of accompanying him to the races and Jeanne responds Yes, up the Champs-Elysees together And have you looking daggers at me all the time Whenever I do go with you, youre always making disagreeable remarks. Henri responds with Because you are in a bad humor youll never advance me your arm. (Jeanne called him on his bluff, because he really doesnt want to take a walk either), (cited in Clugston, 2010a, 1. 1. 26-29).She has no real intention of going for a walk with him as she did not intend to go to the races, but does not want to see him go alone to the races and enjoy himself alone, either. This is another example of manipulation her manipulating him and transgression versa, and starts the back and forth farce of both supposedly wanting to spend the day together when they really do not (Clugston, 2010a). When Jeanne decides Henri can go to the races alone because she intends to go see a friend, Henri decides he will stay at home and not go to the races (Clugston, 2010a).This is an obvious representation of the hubby not rely the wife, and even though she has given sanction to him to proceed, he abandons all intentions to leave because of his suspicion of her meeting with her friend and also perhaps meeting another man. The magic between both characters is obvious at this point in the play but not obviously clear as to wherefore. Though we know by this point that Henris intention has always been to go to the races alone, it is not yet clear why Jeanne reacts the way she does.Is it that she is abused, or expected to stay home alone while Henri goes to the races, or does she have her own nefarious agenda, or both? Finally, and after much back and forth ruse of both characters, Jeanne decides to stay at home alone and lets Henri leave for the races alone, only to delight in the fact that she can spend her afternoon working on hats and enjoying chocolate at home as detailed immediately after Henri departs for the races in Bernards Im Going A Comedy in One Act (1915), (cited by Clugston, 2010a, 1. 1. 81-185) (Waits for a moment, listens, and hears the outer door close, then rises, and goes to the door at the back.She speaks to someone off-stage) Marie, dont go before you get me a large cup of chocolate. Bring two rolls, too. Oh, and go at once to my room and bring me my box of ribbons and those old hats. (She comes down- stage, and says beaming) What fun Ill have trimming hats Throughout this play Jeanne is expected by Henri to stay at home while he enjoys the afternoon alone, and despite the opposition Jeanne gives him, she eventually desists and Henri has his way while she is left at home.This is an excellent example of how women were treated by their hubbys then as compared to how most men and women interact today. There was probably no other recourse for the character Jeanne but to resolve herself to some enjoyment at home with her hats, and chocolate, and rolls. It could be argued that that is what she wanted all along, that she only wanted a reassurance that her husband loved her, but probably not, more than likely she simply had no other choice than to occupy her Sunday alone as best as she could and succumb to her husbands wishes.There stands some ambiguity as to whether they really love each other, or if Jeanne is simply stuck and cannot get out of the situation she is in. Sixteen eld earlier than the play by Tristan Bernard discussed above, but in the same era of male dominance, Kate Chopin (1850-1904) wrote several short stories and novels which also depict the sexist plight of women in her time and the choices they had to endure in order to survive, including quite possibly domestic violence in a time when no recourse was available (Tate, 2000). dissimilar Bernard, who was a renowned writer at the age of 25, Chopin was considered a feminist, and as a young widow who had to raise six children alone when she lost her husband to swamp fever, she eventually succeeded by turning to writing and was widely accepted in the southern United States literary circle (Tucker, 1996). Much of her writing incorpor ates her own life experiences and tribulations, such as The Awakening, (1899) which depicts a 19th century char who is adulterous, but maintains her strength and individuality despite of what society thinks about her (Tucker, 1996).It is of little inquiry that Kate Chopin was of the same opinion and character of many of those characters in her stories. According to Leary (1968), much of her writing Speaks of marital unhappiness and of dangers which lie in wait for people who do as they want to do without concern for other people (p. 60). Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour (1894), (Clugston, 2010b), is written clearly and succinctly leaving little room for ambiguity or misinterpretation.Chopins direct style of writing draws the ratifier in quickly and gives immediate insight to what is happening and what the feelings of the characters are, thus increasing the thought of what the author is trying to convey. Like Bernard, Chopin uses symbolism and tone to enhance the (in this case) imaginary setting to further the readers experience. Unlike Bernard, Chopins form was short stories and novels instead of plays to be performed in front of live audiences.It is also important to look at Kate Chopin from a biographical/historical perspective to realize Chopin has also used life experiences as a basis for some of her characters in this story Mr. mallard has reportedly been killed in a train accident, while in reality Kate Chopins father really was killed in a train accident (Tucker, 1996).According to Seyersted, (cited in Kelly, 1994, p. 332), after critiquing Athenaise, he states that In spite of its laughing(prenominal) ending, this tale is, on a deeper level, a protest against womans condition. Seyersted is undoubtedly referring to womens struggle at that time for equality with men. Closer equation of this story with Bernards play will bring to the surface many similarities of the uphill struggle women of this era endured and how it is depicted and evident in our literature. In Chopins The Story of an Hour, the main character, Mrs. Mallard receives word at home that her conserve had been killed in a train accident, she was distraught and crying, and when this subsided, she retires alone to a large armchair set about an open window in her room (Clugston, 2010b).This initial reaction to her loss seems fairly normal up to this point in the story, but then the cashier describes what Mrs. Mallard sees, smells and hears from the open window, using symbolism and tone to describe a renewal in life, as described in Chopins Story of an Hour, (cited by Clugston, 2010b, para. 5) She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life. The delicious breath of rain was in the air.In the street below a peddler was crying his wares. The notes of a distant song which some one was singing reached her faintly, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves. As the story unfolds, Mrs. Mallard f eels an emotion coming to her which she initially cannot identify, but ultimately does identify it it is relief and a sense of a newfound freedom (Clugston, 2010). But why would she feel this way now unless she felt oppressed or abused when her husband was alive? A better description of what Mrs.Mallard had endured under her Husbands rule and what she imagined the future to hold is stated in the story There would be no powerful will bending hers in that cover persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature (cited in Clugston, 2010b, para. 14). The Author is speaking to the reader about this issue in 1894, a very bold and controversial statement for a time in which women were not expected to behave this way.Nearing the end of the story Mrs. Mallard finally accepts her newfound freedom and rejoices to herself Free Body and soul free (cited in Clugston, 2010b, para. 19), only to be persuaded out of her room by her sister and lead downstairs just as her husband comes through the front door, he was in fact not dead after all (Clugston, 2010). Mrs. Mallard died upon seeing her husband though the doctors said it was heart disease (earlier in the story it does mention she had a weak heart), (Clugston, 2010). One has to wonder though, did Mrs. Mallard die from heart disease or is this another symbol the Author uses to express Mrs. Mallard (or any oppressed woman) would rather die than give up her freedom and individuality?Tristan Bernards Im Going A Comedy in One Act is a play written by a man in France sixteen years after Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour, which is a short story written by a woman in the United States. Though there are differences in the Authors, origin, form, audience or reader, some compelling similarities exist the time they were written (1915 & 1894, respectively), that both Authors incorporate issues of the time into their work, and perhaps most importantly, they both display the su bservient, oppressive place which women are expected to take in the 19th and 20th centuries.